Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative	They have slept.
Negative	They have not slept.
Interrogative	Have they slept?
Form	Have / has + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart.
Uses	emphasis is on the result (not the duration) action that started in the past & is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present

Present Perfect Simple

---

The present perfect tense:

This page will present the present perfect simple:

• its form
• and its use.

The form of the present perfect simple tense:

Have (in the simple present) + Verb (in the past participle form)

Positive	Negative	Interrogative
I have worked.	I have not worked.	Have you worked?

NOTE:

I have worked = I've worked He has worked = He's worked

I have not = I haven't worked He has not = He hasn’t worked

Examples:

• Have you finished the job?
• No, I haven't finished yet.
• Yes, I have already finished.
• She's just finished her job.

Remember:

1. The past participle of regular verbs is :
   
   

   Rule	Examples
   Verb + ed	play - played visit - visited finish -finished

   
   
2. The past participle of irregular verbs can't be predicted (there is no rule .)
   
   

   Infinitive	Simple past	Past participle
   be come go do meet	was/were came went did met	been come gone done met

The uses of the present perfect simple tense:

1. To emphasize on the result of a past action without mentioning the actual time when it happened:
Examples:

•  I have met that girl before.
• We have discussed this issue a few times.

2. Action performed in a period that has not finished yet (the same day, week, month, etc.):
Examples:

•  Have you seen Lacy today? (The day is not over yet.)
•  I have had several tests this month. (The month has not finished yet.)

3. Action that started in the past and has continued until now. Often used with since (indicating the beginning of action) or for (indicating the duration of action):
Examples:

• They have lived here for ten years.
•  I have not seen her since we left high school.
  
• Clare and John have known each other since they were at primary school.

4. It is used to indicate completed activities in the immediate past (with just).
Example:

•  " He has just taken the medicine."

Present perfect vs past simple tense:

The use of past simple instead of present perfect requires clear reference to a past period/moment:

Present perfect	Simple past
I have met that girl before	I met that girl at the beach last Saturday.
Have you seen Nancy recently?	Did you see Nancy yesterday?
We have discussed this issue a few times.	We discussed this issue last month.
I have had some tests this week.	I had some tests last week.